|
The ''Florentine Codex'' is a 16th-century ethnographic research project in Mesoamerica by Franciscan friar Bernardino de Sahagún. Sahagún originally titled it: ''La Historia Universal de las Cosas de Nueva España'' (in English: the ''Universal History of the Things of New Spain'').〔Bernardino de Sahagún, ''Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain'' (Translation of and Introduction to Historia General de Las Cosas de La Nueva España; 12 Volumes in 13 Books ), trans. Charles E. Dibble and Arthur J. O Anderson (Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1950-1982). Images are taken from Fray Bernadino de Sahagún, ''The Florentine Codex.'' Complete digital facsimile edition on 16 DVDs. Tempe, Arizona: Bilingual Press, 2009. Reproduced with permission from Arizona State University Hispanic Research Center.〕 After a translation mistake, it was given the name "Historia general de las cosas de Nueva España". The best-preserved manuscript is commonly referred to as "The Florentine Codex", as it is held in the Laurentian Library of Florence, Italy. In partnership with Nahua men who were formerly his students at the Colegio de Santa Cruz de Tlatelolco, Sahagún conducted research, organized evidence, wrote and edited his findings starting in 1545 up until his death in 1590. The work consists of 2,400 pages organized into twelve books; more than 2,000 illustrations drawn by native artists provide vivid images of this era. It documents the culture, religious cosmology (worldview) and ritual practices, society, economics, and natural history of the Aztec people. It has been described as “one of the most remarkable accounts of a non-Western culture ever composed”.〔H. B. Nicholson, "Fray Bernardino De Sahagún: A Spanish Missionary in New Spain, 1529-1590," in ''Representing Aztec Ritual: Performance, Text, and Image in the Work of Sahagún'', ed. Eloise Quiñones Keber (Boulder: University of Colorado Press, 2002).〕 Charles E. Dibble and Arthur J. O. Anderson were the first to translate the Codex from Nahuatl to English, in a project that took 30 years to complete.〔Ann Bardsley and Ursula Hanly, (U Distinguished Professor of Anthropology Professor Charles Dibble Dies ), 5 Dec. 2002, University of Utah. Accessed 7 July 2012.〕 In 2012 high-resolution scans of all volumes of (The Florentine Codex ), in Nahuatl and Spanish, with illustrations, were added to the World Digital Library. ==History of the manuscript== The three bound volumes of the ''Florentine Codex'' are found in the Biblioteca Medicea-Lorenziana Palat. 218-220 in Florence, Italy, with the title ''Florentine Codex'' chosen by its English translators, Arthur J.O. Anderson and Charles Dibble, following in the tradition of nineteenth-century Mexican scholars Francisco del Paso y Troncoso and Joaquín García Icazbalceta.〔Charles Dibble, "Sahagún's Historia", in ''Florentine Codex: Introductions and Indices'', Arthur J.O. Anderson and Charles Dibble, No. 14, Part I 1982, p. 15〕 The manuscript became part of the collection of the library in Florence at some point after its creation in the late sixteenth century. It was not until the late eighteenth century did scholars become aware of its existence, when the bibliographer Angelo Maria Bandini published a description of it in Latin in 1793.〔Dibble, "Sahagún's Historia", p. 16.〕 Its existence became more generally known in the nineteenth century, with a description published by P. Fr. Marcelino de Civezza in 1879.〔Dibble, "Sahagún's Historia" p. 16.〕 It became known to the Spanish Royal Academy of History and at the 5th meeting of the International Congress of Americanists the find was announced to the larger scholarly community.〔Dibble, "Sahagún's Historia", p. 16.〕 German scholar Eduard Seler gave a description of the illustrations at the 7th meeting of the International Congress of Americanists in 1888.〔Dibble, "Sahagún's Historia" p. 16.〕 Mexican scholar Francisco del Paso y Troncoso received permission in 1893 from the Italian government to copy the alphabetic text and the illustrations.〔Dibble, "Sahagún's Historia", p. 17.〕 The three-volume manuscript of the Florentine Codex has been intensely analyzed and compared to earlier drafts found in Madrid. The Tolosa Manuscript (''Códice Castellano de Madrid'') was known in the 1860s and studied by José Fernando Ramírez 〔José Fernando Ramírez, "Códices majicanos de fr. Bernardino de Sahagún." ''Boletín de la Real Academia de la Historia, Vol. VI (Madrid 1885), pp. 85-124.〕 The Tolosa Manuscript has been source for all published editions in Spanish of the ''Historia General''.〔Dibble, "Sahagún's Historia" p. 21.〕 The English translation of the complete Nahuatl text of all twelve volumes of the Florentine Codex was a decades-long work of Arthur J.O. Anderson and Charles Dibble,〔Arthur J.O. Anderson and Charles Dibble, ''Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain''. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press 1950-1982.〕 a monumental contribution to the scholarship on Mesoamerican ethnohistory. In 1979 the Mexican government published a full-color, three-volume facsimile of the Florentine Codex in a limited edition of 2,000, allowing scholars to have easier access to the manuscript. The Archivo General de la Nación (Dra. Alejandra Moreno Toscano, director) supervised the project that was published by the Secretaria de Gobernación (Prof. Enrique Olivares Santana, Secretary). The 2012 World Digital Library high resolution digital version of the manuscript makes it fully accessible to all those interested in this important source for Mexican history.〔http://www.wdl.org/en/item/10096/〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Florentine Codex」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|